Dynamoelectric machine



Feb. 1 1949.- R. F. HERTEL DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 29 1945 Z4 26 a z Imvencor:

6 mm e e n H r o P t t mW M R b Patented Feb. 1, 1949 UNITED sfmrss iPATENT. GEFlCE DYNAMOELECTRIC MACHINE 7 Roland F. HertcLFortWayne, Ind, assignor to General .Electric CompanLa corporationcf New York Application December'29, 1945; Serial No; 6385374 7 Claims, (01. 188-404).

Myinventionrelates to dynamoelectric mainductor. eddyv current type in which aucooling.

fluid is suppliedinto direct contact with the eddy current surfacesoi themachine and anarrangemen-tis. providedior assisting in. the removalof the cooling fluidjfromwthe surface of the rotatable. member of. the machine for, minimizing hydraulic drag.

Further objects .andadvantages of my-inventionwill become-apparent and my invention Will be. better understood from the following description referring. to the accompanying drawings,

and'the features. of novelty which characterize my invention, will. be pointed outwith particularity in the. claims annexed to andforming part of this specification.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of a dynamoelectric machine particularly adapted to be used'as va'dynamom eter which .is provi'ded'withvan embodiment of mywimproved construction; Fig: 2' is 'an' end elevational view, partly in section, oithe construction shown in Fig; 1; Fig.3 is apartial side elevational viewltaken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 4-4 of Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a plan view'of the part of the machine shown in Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken along line 6'-@ of Fig. 5; Fig. 'l is an-elevational View; partly in section of another embodiment of my improved dynamoelectric machine; Fig. 8-is-a sectional view taken along line 3 -8 of-Fig. 'l'yFig; 9'is asectlonal view taken along. line li+-9 of Fig. 8'; Fig. 10 is a plan view of the fragmentary View shown inFig. 9; and Fig;

lllis aperspectiveview of "an embodiment of an end shield. water'scoop which maybe usedwith my, improvedxconstruction and which'is shown in Figs; '7, 9,; and. 10.

Referring to; the, drawing, 1. have; shown: in.

Figs; liithrough .doneembodiment of my invene to :beused as a dynamometer provided with rela tively rotatable inner and outer inductor members; In-this construction, the dynamoelectric machine is provided with a'relatively stationarymember having a core of magnetic material formed-Joy two core sections I and 2 secured toget er in any suitable mannenas by bolts 3. The coi'e:sections l and-2 are supported by end shields 5 having: sleeve portions 6 and 'l ..formecl-as bearing housings for antiiriction ball bearings 'S and 9 arranged to support rotatably a rotatable member of the machine. These-sleeves Sand-l also are rotatablysuppo-rted by antifriction wthrustroller bearings ill :and H mounted in suitable pedestals. l2 and'ld, respectively, to permit, the relatively stationary member to rotate through a limited angle -for the purpose" oiitransmitting-the torque: thereon through a suitabletorque arm 14 to atone measuring device l5; as in any conventional dynamometer construction. The rotatable member of the machine includes a core id of magnetic material mounted on a'shaft llwhich is rotatably supported" by theantifriction bearings: 8 and 9 mounted in thestationary member sleeves 6 and,

'i'. Magneticexcitation is provided to the ma chine by a substantially'toroidal field exciting winding-i8 which is arranged in a suitable winding' recess l Storm-ed in the. core of the stationary.

member between the core members i andZ. The stationary member of the machine is formed with aplurality-oi-longitudinally extending teeth 29 in the coremembers l and-2 with slots 2! extending longitudinally between the teeth 28 to provide a periodic-variation in the flux link? ages of anygivenportion of the surface of the. rotatable member core iii as it rotates past the ends of the teeth 25 .from which it isradially spaced by a suitable air gap. As in any conventional eddy current inductor type machine, thisevariation in thefiuxlinkages with a portion oftherelatively smooth cylindrical peripheral air gap surface 22 of the rotatable member core l5 induces-eddy curr ntsin this surface of the rotatable member core which in turn generates which represents energy to be dissipated. Th energy can readily be removed from the ma- Roy supplying cooling fluid, such as water, into'the air-gap between the relatively rotatable stationary cores of the machine into direct contact with these cores. In this construction, I provide apairoi manifold headers 23 to which a. cooling issupplied. by. suitable flexible hose line connections;Mwhichminimize the restrainingeffect onthe stationary member which to the air gap surfaces, thereof for supplying cooling fluid into the air gap and onto the substantially smooth cylindrical surface 22 of the rotatable inner member of the machine. illustrated construction, a suitable closure, such as a'pipe plug, is threadedly engaged with the outer ends of the openings forming the headers 23, and baflies 26 are arranged over the winding recess end of the teeth and slots in the lowermost part of the machine to prevent or minimize the passage ofcooling fluid through the slots 2|, into the winding recess 19. With this type construction, the cooling fluid, such as water, is supplied onto the cylinderical surface 22 of the rotatable member and tends to collect thereon to a predetermined depth dependent upon the specific weight of the fluid employed and on the speed of operation of the rotatable member. This depth of cooling fluid on the surface of the rotatable member may be determined by a consideration of Bernoullis theorem for incompressible V fluid, such as water, which states that the sum of the static pressure plus the velocity pressure of an incompressible fluid remains substantially constant. Thus, the cooling fluid Which is sprayed on the surface of the rotatable member core tends to cling to this core and to rotate with the core, such that a layer of cooling fluid will be formed around the complete periphery of the rotatable member core l5. In order to utilize the cooling effect of this cooling fluid, it is necessary that the cooling fluid be removed from the surface of the rotatable member core where it is heated and to replace such heated cooling fluid with fluid at a lower temperature. A certain amount of the cooling fluid on the cylindrical surface22 of the rotatable member core will pass ofl at both axial ends of the rotatable member core 56 into the space at the ends of the machine formed by the end shields 4 and 5. However, it has been found that for the most emcient utilization of the machine and of the cooling system, it is desirable that this fluid should be removed more rapidly than merely by permitting its flow axially along the surface 22 into the end shield spaces. In order to expedite the removal of the heated fluid from the surface of the core 16, I provide at least one, and preferably a plurality of longitudinally extending scoop members of nonmagnetic material extending outwardly towards the smoothsurface 22 of the rotatable member. In this embodiment of my invention, these scoop members are arranged in the three lowermost slots 2! and include longitudinally extending scoops 21 which are mounted in the slots 2! by brackets 28 suitably secured to the scoops 21, as by welding, and secured to the base of the slot 2! by suitable screws or bolts 29. scoops 27 are formed with curved sides which extend from a relatively narrow base to a Wider airgap surface 35 with outer longitudinal edges 23!. which extend towards the adjacent teeth and provide scraping edges which scrape or scoop off fluid from the air gap surface of the rotatable member core l6 and direct this removed cooling In the V fluid into the slots 2! from which it is exhausted through drain passages 32 which extend through the core sections I and 2 and communicate with drain connections 33 which may either extend loosely into drain line connectors 34 to provide for a limited amount of relative movement between the ends of the members 33 and the inner sides of the members 34 or these members may be made of a flexible hose which will offer substantially no restraining force to the slight rotational or angular movement of the stationary member of the machine. If these drain connections 34 are flexible hose, additional drainage may be obtained by connecting them by a fluid line 35 to the intake side of an exhausting pump 36 for creating a suction in the drains 32 for further insuring the complete withdrawal of cooling These fluid from the slots 2! of the machine and to prevent building up of fluid in these slots.

In addition, it has been found that cooling fluid which passes axially off the ends of the rotatable member core I6 into the spaces at both ends of the machine within the end shields i and 5 tends to rotate with the rotation of the core it, such that it does not flow smoothly out of the drain openings 32. In order to facilitate removal of this cooling fluid and increase the efliciency of the cooling system, end shield scoops 3'! formed with inwardly curved surfaces 38 also downwardly curved as shown at 39, formed as compound curves on the sides of the scoops 3'! direct cooling fluid from the end shield spaces inwardly and downwardly towards the drain openings 32. As shown more clearly in Figs. 4, 5, and 6, these end shield scoops are mounted in the lowermost portion of the end shields and are secured in any suitable manner, as by bolts 46 to the inner surfaces of the end shields. These scoops are preferably the same in number as the slot scoops 21 and also are preferably arranged in the end shields substantially opposite the end of the slot scoops 21 and formed with inner ends 4! which are substantially of the same size and contour as the ends of the slot scoops 21. The end shield scoops do not form a part of this invention and are fully described and claimed in copending application Serial No. 639,987 of Phil S. Potts, filed January 9, 1946, and assigned to the assignee of this application.

In some constructions it might be found desirable to form the slot scoops 2? and the end shield scoops 31 of a single unit, and this feature may be determined by assembly requirements of the machine in order to facilitate the assembly of the end shields and the stationary member core. Thus, with this construction, I have provided an arrangement for supplying cooling fluid directly into the air gap into direct heat-transferring contact with the surfaces in which the heat is generated and provide an arrangement for adequately removing the heated cooling fluid from the surface of the rotatable member of the machine and for preventing the accumulation of cooling fluid within the air gap and within the spaces aroundthe rotatable member in the end shields of themachine, thereby minimizing possible erratic eifects of hydraulic drag on the machine. Any suitable means may be provided for regulating the flow of the cooling fluid into the machine as desired either to regulate the amount of fluid which will adhere to the surface 22 of the rotatable member core It at the desired operating speed or to regulate the flow of this fluid in accordance with any other characteristic, such -5 as the temperature of the exhaust fluid for the most efiicient utilization of the cooling system.

In-F'igs. 7 to 11, inclusive, I have shown another embodiment of-my improved dynamoelectrio machine construction in Which-amachine of the eddy current inductor type is provided with a stationary member having core sections 42 and 43 of magnetic materialsuitablysecured together in any suitable manner, as bybolts 44, and arranged about an inner relatively rotatable member having a core 45 of magnetic material mounted on a rotatable shaft 45'rotatably supported by suitable antifriction ball bearings 41 arranged in bearing housings formed by sleeves 48-011 stationary member end shields 49. The stationary member end shields 49 are adapted to support the stationary member core sections 42 and 43 for limited rotational movement, as in the arrangement shown Fig. 1,- by antifriction thrust roller bearings 5d mounted'in suitable pedestals ii. A suitable field exciting winding 52 is mounted in a winding recess 53 formed'in the stationary member between the coreportions 42 and 63 for magnetically exciting the cores of the rotatable and stationary mem-bersof the machine. A plurality of circumferentially spaced apart mounting screws 54 extend through the stationary member core into engagement with mounting clips 55 for positioning and centering the exciting winding 52 within the winding recess 53.

The energy absorption of thismachinetvhich is-shown as a dynamometer ora brake is provided by the same dynamoelectric reaction as that described with respectto the construction shown in Fig. land includes the provision of a plurality of circumferentially spaced longitudinally extending teeth 56 formed in the inner air gap surface of the-core of the stationary member with slots 57 formed'therebetween to provide for a variation in the flux linkages with a given surface of the rotatable member core A? as it rotates Within the stationary-member. Such operation of the machine generateseddy currents in the substantially smooth cylindrical surface 53 of the rotatable member of the machine, and these eddy currents are dissipated in the form of heat in this portion of the machine. In order to remove this heat from the machine, cooling fluid, such as water isapplied-into the air gap of the machine into'direct heat-transfer relationship with the suriaoe 53 of the rotatable member core 45, and in this construction is supplied through a header 59 Which connects-with a source of cooling fluid supply through-a flexible hose connection 65 for minimizing the restrainingetfect of this connection on the limited rotation of the stationary member of the machine. The cooling fluid passes from the supply header 59 through suitable pip-e connections 6| into passages 62 in the core of the stationary member into the winding recess 53 in back of the exciting Winding 52 and flows around the fieldexciting Winding 52, thereby cooling and winding, and passes from this winding recess 53 througha communication at the inner end thereof with the air gap between the two relatively rotatable members and into heat-transfer contact with the outer peripheral surface 58 of the rotatable member core 45.

As in the construction illustrated-Figs. 1 too, inclusive, in this arrangement it is also desirable to remove excess cooling fluid or overheated cooling *iiuid from t-he's'urface ddofthe rotatable member core 45, and this is iacilitated b'y the (iii provision of longitudinally extending scoop members 63 of nonmagnetic material extendingv outwardly towards the smooth cylindrical surface 58 of the rotatable member wd into the slotsil adjacent the lowermost part of the machine. These scoop members 53 are formed with curved sides and are narrower at the base section thereof than at the air gap surface, thereby forming outer longitudinal edges 65 which scrape orscoop fluid from the surface 53 of the rotatable member cora -i5 as it rotates and directs the re moved cooling fluid into the slots 5'1. This coo1- lug-fluid is adapted tobe drained by suitable drain passages which extend through the stationary member core and communicate with drain connections which are suitably connected toconnections 5'! from which the cooling fluid may be pumped by suitable exhaust pumpsas in the arrangement shown inFig. 1. In this construction, the cooling fluid is assisted in its flow intothe lowermost slots 5-? and the drain passages $5 by the provision of longitudinally extending transversely curved substantially smooth guiding surface members 63 of. nonmagnetic material arranged. in the slots 5? on the trailing side of the teeth adjacent each of the scoop members 63 for guiding cooling fluid from the gap into the slots 5?. and the drain passages 65. The outer surface of these guiding members 63 is transversely curved to provide a curved outer slot surface extending from the air gap end of the tooth into the base of the slot. In this construction, it is desirable that a: tooth 58 should be the lowermost portion of-thestationary member core and thereby pro- Vide; at least one scoop and one guiding-surface member on each side-of the lowermost teeth 56 to; provide for the scooping of cooling fluid from. the rotatable member surface for either direction (if-rotation thereof. As in the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 to 65, inclusive, this construction also-preferably is provided with baihes $59 which close on the lower slot ends adjacent the field exciting winding recess 53 to assure that the scooped on cooling fluid fioWs out through the drain passages E5 i'atherthan into the space around the field exciting Winding 52. In this construction, the end shields of the machine also are provided with end shield scoops Iii formed with inwardly and downwardly curved surfaces?! similar to the end shield scoops 35 described with respect to Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, .Wl'llChiIEZOVidB for the drainage of cooling fluid out of the end shield spaces and into the drains 65, from which ity is removed from the machine. These end shield scoops H2 also are preferably secured to'the end shields 49 in any suitable manner, as by bolts i2 and formed With-inner ends '13 which substantially conform in ccntours and dimensions to the ends of the slot scoopsos and the tooth to which these slot scoops. are secured. These end shield scoops, however, do not form a part of this invention and are described and cl imed in copending application'seriai 639 987, filed January 9, 1946, Phil-S. Potts, and assigned to the assignee of this application.

For certain types of machines, it may be found that the method of introducing fluid as disclosed with this construction and the arrangement of slot scoops and guiding surface members may provides. more simple arrangement than that disclosed in Figs. 1 to 5, inclusive, although the readily removable-and replaceable features of the "constructiomshown in Figsyl to 6 may bepreferred to the integrally secured scoop and guiding surface'member arrangement shown in Figs. 7 to 10, inclusive, in which the scoops 63 and the guiding surface member 68 may be secured to the stationary member core in any suitable manner, as by welding thereto. Furthermore, in this construction, as in the former arrangement, the rate of flow of the cooling fluid may be regulated as desired responsive to different characteristics of the machine, such as the amount of coolin fluid which may adhere to the cylindrical surface 58 of the rotatable member core or in accordance with the rate at which the cooling fluid may be removed from the machineor in accordance with the temperature of the exhausted cooling fluid or any other desired characteristic thereof, as is conventionally incorporated in the cooling system of this type of machine.

While I have illustrated and described particular embodiments of my invention, modifications thereof will occur to those skilled in the art. I desire it to be understood, therefore, that my invention is not to be limited to the particular arrangements disclosed, and I intend in the appended claims to cover all modifications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent on the United States is:

1. A dynamoelectric machine having a relatively stationary member with a core of magnetic material and a relatively rotatable member with a core of magnetic material arranged with an air gap between said cores, means for magnetically exciting said cores, longitudinally extending teeth with slots therebetween in the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic material of said stationary member core, means for supplying cooling fluid into said air gap onto said rotatable member, means including longitudinally extending scoop members of nonmagnetic material in said slots adjacent the lowermost part of said stationary member with an outer longitudinal edge of said scoop members extending towards the adjacent teeth for removal of fluid from said rotatable member and for directing such removed cooling fluid into said slots, means including longitudinally extending guiding surface members of nonmagnetic material having transversely curved outer slot surfaces extending from the air gap surface of said latter teeth into said slot on the side of the tooth adjacent each of said scoop members for guiding cooling fluid from said air gap into said slots, and means for draining removed cooling fluid from said slots.

2.' A dynamoelectric machine having a relatively stationary outer member with a core of magnetic material and a relatively rotatable inner member with a core of magnetic material having a relatively smooth substantially cylindrical outer surface arranged with an air gap between said cores, means including a field exciting winding for magnetically exciting said cores, longitudinally extending teeth with slots therebetween' in the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic material of said outer member core, means for supplying cooling fluid into said air gap onto said rotatable inner member, means including longitudinally extendin scoop members of nonmagnetic material extending. outwardly towards saidsmooth cylindrical rotatable member surface in said slots adjacent the lowermost part of said outer member with an outer longitudinal edge of said scoop members extending towards the adjacent teeth for removal of excess fluid from said rotatable member cylindrical surface and for directing such removed cooling fluid into said slots, means including longitudinally extending guiding surface members of non-mag netic material having transversely curved outer slot surfaces extending from the air gap surface of said latter teeth into said slot on the side of the tooth adjacent each of said scoop members for guiding cooling fluid from said air gap into said slots, and means including drain passages extending into said slots for draining cooling fluid therefrom.

3. A dynamoelectric machine having a relatively stationary outer member with a core of magnetic material and a relatively rotatable inner member with a core of magnetic material arranged with an air gap between said cores, means for magnetically exciting said cores, 1ongitudinally extending teeth with slots therebetween in the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic material of said outer member core, means for supplying cooling fluid into said air gap onto the surface of said rotatable inner member, means includin longitudinally extending scoop members of nonmagnetic material secured to the outer edges of at least one of the substantially lowermost teeth with an outer longitudinal edge of said scoop members extending towards the adjacent teeth for removal of excess fluid from said rotatable member cylindrical surface and for directing such removed cooling fluid into said slots, means including longitudinally extending guiding surface members of nonmagnetic material having transversely curved outer slot surfaces extending from the air gap surfaces of said latter teeth into said slot on the side of the tooth adjacent each of said scoop members for guiding cooling fluid from said air gap into said slots, and means for draining cooling fluid from said slots,

4. A dynamoelectric machine having a relatively stationary outer member with a core of magnetic material and a relatively rotatable inner member with a core of magnetic material arranged with an air gap between said cores, means including a field exciting winding for magnetically exciting said cores, longitudinally extending teeth with slots therebetween in the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic material of said outer member core, means for supplying cooling fluid intosaid air gap onto the surface of said rotatable inner member, means including longitudinally extending scoop members of nonmagnetic material secured to the outer edges of at least one of the substantially lowermost teeth and extending outwardly towards said smooth cylindrical rotatable member surface in said slots adjacent the lowermost part of said outer member with an outer longitudinal edge of said scoop members extending towards the adjacent tooth for removal of excess fluid from said rotatable member cylindrical surface and for directing such a removed cooling fluid into said slots, means ineluding longitudinally extending guiding surface members of nonmagnetic material having transversely curved outer slot surfaces extending from the air gap surfaces of said latter teeth into the base of said slot on the side of the tooth adjacent each of said scoop members for guiding cooling fluid from said air gap into said slots, and means including drain passages extending into said slots for draining cooling fluid therefrom.

- 5. A dynamoeleotric machine having a relatively stationary outer member with a core of magnetic material and a relatively rotatable inner member with a core of magnetic material having a relatively smooth substantially cylindrical outer surface arranged with an air gap between said cores, an exciting winding recess in one of said members, means including a field exciting winding in said winding recess for magnetically exciting said cores, longitudinally extending teeth with slots therebetween in the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic material of said outer member core, means for supplying cooling fluid into said air gap onto said smooth cylindrical surface of said rotatable inner member, means including longitudinally extending scoop members of nonmagnetic material secured to the outer edges of the substantially lowermost tooth extending outwardly towards said smooth cylindrical rotatable member surface in said slots adjacent the lowermost part of said outer member with an outer longitudinal edge of said scoop members extending towards the adjacent tooth for removal of excess fluid from said rotatable member cylindrical surface and for directing such removed cooling fluid into said slots, means including longitudinally extending guiding surface members of nonmagnetic material having transversely curved outer slot surfaces extending from the air gap surface of said latter teeth into the base of said slots on the side of the tooth adjacent each of said scoop members for guiding cooling fluid from said air gap into said slots, and means including drain passages extending into said slots for draining cooling fluid therefrom.

6. A dynamoelectric machine having a relatively stationary outer member with a core of magnetic material and a relatively rotatable inner member with a core of magnetic material arranged with an air gap between said cores, means including a field exciting winding for magnetically exciting said cores, means for measuring the torque on said outer member, longitudinally extending teeth with slots therebetween in the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic material of said outer member core, means for introducing cooling fluid into said stationary member adjacent the upper part thereof for passage around said field exciting winding into said air gap and onto the surface of said rotatable inner member, means including longitudinally extending scoop members of nonmagnetic material secured to the outer edges of at least one of the substantially lowermost teeth and extending outwardly towards said smooth cylindrical rotatable member surface into said slots adjacent the 10- wermost part of said outer member with an outer longitudinal edge of said scoop members extending towards the adjacent tooth for removal of excess fluid from said rotatable member cylindrical surface and for directing such removed cooling fluid into said slots, means including a longitudinally extending guiding surface member of nonmagnetic material having a transversely curved outer slot surface extending from the air gap surface of said tooth into the base of sai slot on the side of said tooth adjacent each of said scoop members for guiding cooling fluid from said air gap into said slots, means including drain passages extending into said slots for draining cooling fluid therefrom.

7. A dynamoelectric machine having a relatively stationary outer member with a core of magnetic material and a relatively rotatable inner member with a core of magnetic material having a relatively smooth substantially cylin drical outer surface arranged with an air gap between said cores, an exciting winding recess in said outer member, means including a toroidal field exciting winding in said winding recess mounted on said outer member for magnetically exciting said cores, means for rotatably supporting said rotatable inner member, means for rotatably supporting said outer member, means for measuring the torque on said outer member, teeth with slots therebetween in the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic material of said outer member core on each side of said winding recess, means for introducing cooling fluid into said exciting winding recess for passage around said field exciting winding into said air gap and onto said smooth cylindrical surface of said rotatable inner member, means including longitudinally extending scoop members of nonmagnetic material secured to the outer edges of the substantially lowermost tooth on each side of said winding recess and extending outwardly towards said smooth cylindrical rotatable member surface to said slots adjacent the lowermost part of said outer member with an outer longitudinal edge of said scoop members extending towards the adjacent tooth for removal of excess fluid from said rotatable member cylindrical surface and for directing such removed excess cooling fluid into said slots, means including longitudinall extending transversely curved smooth guiding surface members of nonmagnetic material in the slot on the side of the tooth adjacent each of said scoop members for guiding cooling fluid from said air gap into said slots, means including drain passages extending into said slots for draining cooling fluid therefrom, and means including an exhaust pump for withdrawing cooling fluid from said machine slots.

ROLAND F. HERTEL.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,367,636 Winter Jan. 16, 1945 2,398,638 Hertel Apr. 16, 1946 

